Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve,Nepal
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve is a nationally protected wetland in southeastern Nepal, located on the floodplains of the Koshi River. It is internationally important as a Ramsar wetland and is renowned for its dense populations of waterfowl, marsh birds and as one of the last strongholds of the wild water buffalo in Nepal. The reserve plays a crucial role in floodwater regulation, sediment trapping and sustaining local fisheries and agriculture. It is also important for local cultural communities (Maithili and Tharu), whose livelihoods and seasonal practices are tied to the river and floodplain ecology.
Places to visit
- Extensive reed beds, marshes and oxbow lakes along the Koshi floodplain
- Large wintering flocks of migratory waterfowl and waders
- Populations of wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)
- Boat safaris on the Koshi River and associated wetlands
- Birdwatching towers and hides maintained by the reserve
- Nearby Koshi Barrage viewpoint and river scenery
Unique Aspects
- Important Ramsar wetland (internationally significant for waterbirds)
- Seasonally dynamic floodplain habitat — marshes, reedbeds, and grasslands
- High bird diversity including both resident and migratory species
- Close interaction of wildlife habitats with local agricultural and fishing communities
Things to do
- Birdwatching (excellent from October to March for migrants)
- Boat or canoe safaris** —** quiet river trips giving good chances to see waterbirds and mammals
- Guided nature walks and jeep safaris** —** to observe wildlife and floodplain landscapes
- Photography (waterbirds, marsh landscapes, community scenes)
- Community visits and homestays to experience local culture and cuisine
Best Time to Visit
October to March for cool, dry conditions and peak migratory bird presence; November–February often best for birding. Monsoon (June–September) can make access difficult and many areas inundated.
Weather Conditions
Subtropical lowland climate: hot and humid in pre-monsoon months (April–June), heavy rains in monsoon (June–September), and cooler, drier winters (October–February).
Accessibility
Located in southeastern Nepal along the Koshi River floodplain. The nearest major urban access points are Biratnagar and Itahari (road links). Biratnagar has the closest domestic airport; from there the reserve is reached by road (journey time varies by route and season). Local roads may be affected by seasonal flooding; 4x4 or sturdy vehicles recommended in wet months. Guided boat access is used to reach key wetland areas.
Recommended Duration
Plan 1–2 full days to explore the reserve comfortably (half-day boat trip plus an on-ground visit or an overnight homestay if you want early-morning birding).
Clothing & Gear Tips
Light, breathable clothing for daytime; warm layers for cool winter mornings; waterproof jacket/boots during the monsoon and for wet areas; good binoculars, camera with telephoto lens, sunhat, sunscreen, and insect repellent.
Local Food & Souvenirs
Try local fish preparations and regional Maithili/Tharu dishes in nearby villages. Souvenirs include local handicrafts, woven textiles and simple artisanal items from surrounding communities. Support community-run homestays and local guides for an authentic experience.
