Ritigala Forest Monastery,Sri Lanka
Ritigala Forest Monastery is an ancient Buddhist monastic complex located in the Ritigala strict nature reserve in central Sri Lanka, believed to have been established between the 1st century BCE and the 12th century CE. It served as a meditation and retreat center for Buddhist monks from the Anuradhapura period and later. The site is notable for its sophisticated ancient hydraulic systems, stone pathways, terraces, and remnants of monastic buildings blended into a dense montane forest. Ritigala's isolation and elevation helped preserve its archaeological remains and endemic biodiversity, making it significant both culturally and naturally.
Places to visit
- Ritigala Archaeological Site (monastic ruins and stone terraces)
- The ancient stone-paved pathways and stairways
- Bodhi Tree and remnants of stupas and image houses
- Royal Pond (puhul wahawa) and ancient canals
- Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve and forest trails
- Panoramic viewpoints over the surrounding plains
Unique Aspects
- Blend of monastic ruins with dense montane forest — ruins often covered by moss and vegetation
- Well-preserved ancient hydraulic engineering: channels, ponds and reservoirs
- Unique flora and fauna including many endemic and shade-loving plants
- Cooler microclimate compared to surrounding lowlands
- Mystical atmosphere reinforced by fog, dense canopy and deer and birdlife
Things to do
- Guided archaeological and historical walks through the monastery ruins
- Nature hikes on forest trails with birdwatching opportunities
- Photography of ruins set within lush forest and misty landscapes
- Picnicking at designated spots near viewpoints
- Meditation and quiet reflection in serene surroundings
Best Time to Visit
December to April for drier weather and clearer trails; early mornings year-round for cooler temperatures and misty scenery.
Weather Conditions
Tropical montane climate: generally cooler and wetter than the surrounding lowlands. Heavy showers are common during monsoon periods (May–August and October–November). Temperatures often range from 18°C to 26°C (64°F–79°F).
Entry Fees & Permits
There is a government entrance fee for the Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve and archaeological site (fees may vary and are typically modest). Typical visiting hours align with daylight — roughly 6:00/6:30 AM to 6:00 PM, but check current local signage or Department of Archaeology updates for exact times and fees.
Accessibility
Access by road from Anuradhapura (approx. 36 km) or Colombo (~150 km); nearest major town is Anuradhapura. The site requires walking along uneven stone paths and steps; not wheelchair-friendly. Guided access recommended to locate specific ruins. Limited public transport to nearby roads — hiring a car, tuk-tuk or guided tour is common.
Recommended Duration
2 to 4 hours for a relaxed visit; half to a full day if combining longer hikes or nature walks.
Clothing & Gear Tips
Wear sturdy walking shoes, long pants and shirts to protect from insects and vegetation. Bring a rain jacket during wetter months, sun protection (hat, sunscreen), insect repellent and water.
Local Food & Souvenirs
Limited food facilities at the site — bring snacks or arrange for food in Anuradhapura. Try local Sri Lankan dishes in nearby towns (rice and curry, hoppers, string hoppers). Souvenirs available in Anuradhapura include handicrafts, Buddhist religious items and local herbal products.
